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Bienvenue dans ce nouveau cours d'esquisse Wacom. Aujourd'hui, nous allons apprendre à dessiner le visage d'une femme. Comme nous le savons tous, le résultat peut être magnifique et c'est aussi l'un de mes sujets préférés. Bien sûr, tous les visages sont légèrement différents selon l'origine, l'âge, le nombre d'oreilles, etc. sans oublier le style de chaque artiste. Parfois, l'aspect d'un même visage peut changer du tout au tout entre le matin et le soir.
Dans ce guide pas à pas, nous allons apprendre quelques principes de base que les portraitistes, caricaturistes, dessinateurs de bandes dessinées et d'animes du monde entier utilisent depuis de nombreuses années pour peindre des visages réalistes. Bien entendu, il ne s'agit pas de règles à observer strictement et chaque artiste est libre de les adapter et de les réinterpréter selon son propre style. Avec un sujet aussi complexe que le visage d'une femme, il peut être extrêmement utile de s'exercer et de garder ce guide à l'esprit.
Dans ce cours, nous allons dessiner le visage d'une femme issu de notre imagination et apprendre quelques astuces et techniques essentielles pour le rendre réaliste. Nous commencerons par dessiner la structure de la tête, puis nous ajouterons les traits et enfin nous affinerons le visage et nous le mettrons en couleur. J'espère que ce cours vous inspirera et que vous pourrez vous approprier cette méthodologie à l'avenir.
Il s'adresse surtout aux débutants, mais même les artistes expérimentés y apprendront une chose ou deux. Je parlerai également du flux de travail sur l'ordinateur avec une tablette graphique et j'évoquerai les avantages des appareils numériques. Toutefois, vous pouvez aussi suivre le cours avec un crayon et une feuille de papier.
J'espère que vous aurez plaisir à dessiner et que vous obtiendrez d'excellents résultats.
Sommaire
Comment dessiner le visage d'une femme Chapitre A : formes géométriques
01 Begin with a circle
First, make a small construction drawing. With the help of some basic shapes, the head, eyes, nose and mouth can be positioned with ease.
We start with a circle. Drawing a circle is not the easiest thing in the world. If you don't succeed right away and your circle looks like a cubist potato, try to fix your wrist and sketch the circle from the rotation of your forearm. You can also - like me - try to approach the circle shape with several quick strokes. Don't worry if your construction drawing doesn't look very nice. You won't see it at all in the end.
02 Center axis
Now we sketch a straight line in the center of the circle. I call it "center axis", because left and right should be more or less symmetrical, as it is in faces.
03 Vertical guide lines
Time for some guidelines: Cut the circle with a horizontal line. We transfer this half circle height downwards to the extended central axis.
Within the circle, we cut each half in half again with two small lines. This way we have divided the circle into 4 parts and added another half circle height at the bottom.
04 One more circle
Now we need a smaller circle. Don't worry, we have almost finished construction. The small circle goes from the third line of division to the very bottom. So, it is ¾ as big as the big circle. We also mark the center of the smaller circle.
05 Cheeks
Construction finished. Time to draw the rest. Connect the two circles into a single shape. These joined circles will make up the skull and lower jaw as there are no bones sticking out, this should be pretty easy.
You can make the connecting lines straight or curve outwards, depending on how well nourished you want the face to look. The cheeks could also sink inwards if you want a gaunter look.
06 Positionnement vertical
Notre mission est réussie. Parce qu'on sait maintenant où tout doit se trouver précisément :
• La ligne de contour des cheveux se trouve au niveau du trait marquant le quart supérieur.
• La ligne médiane du cercle : on aurait peut-être pu s'en passer. Mais les artistes aguerris le savent : pour faire un quart, il faut d'abord faire une moitié.
• Le trait suivant est destiné aux yeux. Oui, ils sont vraiment si bas. Ils se trouvent au centre du visage.
• Le nez se termine exactement au niveau du bord inférieur de notre premier cercle.
• Et la bouche se trouve au centre du petit cercle.
07 Horizontal subdivision
In order not to draw eyes and mouth too wide or too narrow, we subdivide the face once again, this time horizontally. We cut each side in half, then half again. This gives us a total of eight equally wide parts.
The left eye extends from the second to the fourth dividing line and the right mirrors it on the other side. The pupils sit in the middle of the eyes at the third subdivision line, exactly in the middle of each half.
The mouth is about as wide as the distance between the pupils. Sketch a pair of eyes, a mouth and a small U-shaped line for the nose. This doesn’t have to be perfect, but be sure to define the corner points clearly.
08 Head shape
Now that we know where the eyes, mouth and nose are located, we can remove some of the guidelines. Keep the one for the hairline, we’ll need it again at the end. Now that we see the face for the first time, we can rework the head shape a bit. A woman's head shape is softer and less angular than males. Therefore, the outlines of the head shape should be drawn with softer curves.
We start with a U-shaped curve at the chin. Try to draw the chin as symmetrically as possible. The narrower the chin, the more feminine the face will look. But if the chin is too narrow, we might accidentally draw an alien.
When satisfied with the chin, start with a new line at the top of the forehead. First, follow the circle from our sketch. At eye level our head shape makes a barely noticeable dip inward. Once there, elegantly swing around the cheek and draw an almost straight line towards the chin, where our lines meet.
09. Mood of our face
Now to decide what state of mind our woman's face has. This depends primarily on whether the eyebrows and mouth are pointing up or down.I have decided on a satisfied, good-humored face. The mouth points slightly upwards, the eyebrows are relatively neutral.
10 End of the preliminary drawing
Our preliminary drawing is finished. I have indicated the areas for the eyebrows and sketched the lips a bit. But don't worry, we'll go into all the details right away.
Comment dessiner le visage d'une femme Chapitre B : détails du visage
Dans le chapitre suivant, nous nous occuperons des détails de notre visage.
11 Preliminary drawing as orientation
Place your preliminary drawing as a separate layer in the background and make it a little lighter so you can still use it as a guide, without it being too distracting.
12 The upper eyelid
The shape of the upper eyelid varies from person to person. Even small differences have a great effect on the appearance of a face. Basically, the upper eyelid (especially the female eyelid) describes a curve that rises relatively sharply and then falls off weakly. The easiest way to achieve this curve is to start from the outside.
13 The lower eyelid and the pupil
The lower eyelid describes a slightly flatter arc than the upper one. It does not start directly at the end point of the upper eyelid. The upper eyelid goes a little further outward. In addition, the lower eyelid can curve slightly upwards on both the outside and inside. In a laughing person, this outer curvature is particularly pronounced because the laugh muscles push the outer edges of the eyes upwards.
Depending on how important this facial characteristic is to us, we can draw this line several times.
Place the pupil so it lies against the upper eyelid. This creates the effect of the eye looking directly at us.
14 Iris and upper lid crease
The upper lid crease is the most romantic crease of the face. Eyelid wrinkles that touch the upper eyelid at certain points create different effects. For example, exaggerated, high eyelid creases create the well-known bedroom look. It is worthwhile to experiment with the upper eyelid crease, as it can express completely different moods.
The standard eyelid crease, when the eye is at rest, runs almost parallel to the upper eyelid. Since things are rarely exactly parallel in nature, the eyelid crease can move slightly away from the eyelid towards the middle of the line and approaches the middle of the face again.
Geometrically, the iris is a circle concentric to the pupil. It is about half as wide as the total area of the eye. Of course, we do not draw a complete circle, because the iris is covered by the eyelids at the top and bottom. It may be easier to draw a complete circle for the iris first, and to remove the covered parts after.
15 Eyebrow
For the eyebrow, sketch an area which to fill with hair afterwards. This area is rather pointed towards the outside. Female eyebrows tend to be a little narrower than those of men and can have a steeper arch. But be careful - this can appear severe.
The hair of the eyebrows starts inside at a 45-degree angle and becomes flatter towards the outside. It’s best to draw the hair with lots of fast strokes. Start on the inside, and draw each hair at a slightly offset angle.
In this digital age, hair that protrudes too much can be easily erased using a pen tablet.
16 One more eye
You can also copy and even mirror things on your tablet. However, there were eyes and faces long before the digital age. And no two eyes ever look exactly the same. And last but not least: You have to practice!
17 Iris Texture
The eye and especially the iris are complex structures, made of many fine shapes and colors. We can approach this view graphically by drawing many fast alternating black and white fine lines from the pupil to the edge of the iris. We can also fill the iris with color later.
18 Reflection
The final touch is given to the eye by light reflection. This can be a simple white point, several points, a window or even a whole landscape. We achieve a pleasant effect with a simple shape that does not cover too much of the eye. We do not want to illuminate the whole eye. Less is more.
19 The mouth
The mouth is not a gently running line. The corners of the mouth, i.e. the outer edges of the line should be defined with a little more pressure or with small corner creases. A typical feature of the female mouth is the small curvature of the mouth crease in the middle.
I made the mouth a bit narrower than in the preliminary drawing, because it seemed more coherent to me.
Don't forget to always look at your drawing as a whole and check if everything is in its place. Maybe you want to change something? What can be improved?
20 Upper lip
Male and female faces also differ in the thickness and curvature of the lips. We start the upper lip as symmetrically as possible with two slightly ascending, quickly drawn strokes
from the corners of the mouth towards the middle. In the second step, we let the two strokes turn into a V with two steep curves.
21 Lower lip
The lower lip may be slightly thicker than the upper lip, but this is not a must. The line may become slightly flat towards the middle.
The mouth may end up looking a little like a sticker stuck on the face. To prevent this, just use a little drawing trick. Leave a gap between the lower lip line and the corners of the upper lip, let the line gently run out and point towards the corners of the mouth.
22 Nose tip
The nose is known to protrude furthest from the face. This may be a little easier to draw in profile, but in the frontal view it presents us with certain difficulties. As we only have two dimensions at our disposal, we have to work with something called ‘perspective shortening’. This can be a challenge especially for beginners, but we can avoid any problems by applying a simple formula: Draw the tip of the nose as a small horizontal line pointing slightly upwards. On both sides of the tip of the nose we continue with slightly outwardly curved strokes.
23 The nostrils
The nostrils start very close to the outer sides of the nose tip. They are almost horizontal at the lower end and point at the upper end in approximately the direction of the opposite inner eye fold.
Now we should check the face as a whole. Is the nose too large or too small? Too wide? Too narrow? You can change the nose until you are satisfied. Most graphics programs can also help you with the transformation tool.
24 Adjust head shape
Now that we have drawn all the important parts of the face, it is advisable to adjust the head shape one last time. In principle, we can transfer the head shape from the preliminary drawing to the final drawing in pretty much the same way. You may notice some spots that need changing slightly.
25 Two lines
Among many possible shadows and wrinkles that faces could have, I have chosen two that I like to use, especially on female faces.
One is the chin crease under the lower lip. It defines the chin and visually widens the mouth area.
Another is the cheek shadow (on the left). This is one of the typical features of a woman’s face. It usually takes a few tries to get the cheek shadow where it should be, so that the face doesn't look too bony or grinning.
26 Two boxes
Once again, this step is about determining a position. The ears stretch from the eyes to the tip of the nose. As we see the face from the front, the ears don’t appear round, but almost flat against the head. Draw two small, slightly V-shaped boxes.
27 Les oreilles
L'un des grands avantages du visage féminin, c'est que les cheveux couvrent généralement une grande partie des oreilles ; nous n'aurons donc peut-être même pas besoin de les dessiner. L'oreille est une structure assez compliquée avec de nombreux angles, plis et ombres. Elle devrait probablement faire l'objet d'une description plus détaillée dans un cours à part.
J'ai donc indiqué sur l'image comment dessiner une oreille quelque peu abstraite en trois étapes simples. Les deux rectangles vont nous y aider.
Dans le prochain chapitre, nous ajouterons des cheveux à notre visage et nous y apporterons la touche finale, notamment la couleur.
Comment dessiner le visage d'une femme Chapitre C : cheveux et touche finale
28 Ligne de contour des cheveux
Avec un peu de chance, vous n'avez pas effacé le petit guide pour la ligne de contour des cheveux. Dans le cas contraire, pas de panique : on peut positionner les cheveux en observant le reste du visage.
Les cheveux, comme les oreilles, forment un art à part qui exige son propre tutoriel. Mais je vais me contenter de quelques lignes pour vous expliquer comment les dessiner.
On commence par tracer sommairement le sommet du crâne ainsi que les contours extérieurs de la chevelure. Il est préférable de dessiner sur un calque séparé, pour pouvoir facilement cacher le dessin préliminaire des cheveux par la suite. La raie débute au niveau de la ligne auxiliaire du contour des cheveux (ici légèrement à droite du centre) et part dans un mouvement vers le haut le plus élégant possible. À partir du sommet du crâne, les cheveux retombent vers les oreilles des deux côtés. Selon l'amplitude que vous souhaitez donner à la coiffure, tracez plusieurs lignes côte à côte pour délimiter la coiffure.
29 The neck
Below the ears the hair reappears and falls down freely in several brisk strokes. On this occasion we can also indicate the neck.
While drawing the hairlines you will notice certain curves, curls or areas that you’d like to add to. Don't go into too much detail yet.
30 Falling direction of the hair
This step is not about drawing slow cautious lines, but about drawing the hair in a sweeping and brisk manner. Of course, we don't draw every single hair, but rather study the fall directions of the hair at the different places. Later we can define them with a few clear strokes. Hair grows in tufts, and within these tufts it all grows and falls in similar directions (not criss-cross). I've created several tufts of hair and hairstyle areas in the image quite arbitrarily. There are no limits to your imagination. Hair is always the fun part.
31 Final artwork of the hair
Once your hand gets used to the fast movements, lines, and curves of the hair strokes, it is much easier to define a clear, sweeping hairstyle. For the final drawing of the hair, it is recommended to use a separate layer again. Here we can orientate ourselves on the pre drawn hairstyle and later, as already mentioned, simply hide it. If necessary, we can also erase hair that is too long and protrudes into the face without erasing the face itself. It's worth experimenting with different line widths and degrees of coverage when drawing the hairstyle. In our picture I have emphasized the individual strands with a darker line, while within the strands the indicated subdivision lines are much lighter and less prominent. The most important thing when drawing hair is still the line speed. And fortunately, in digital drawing, any imperfect stroke can be undone until it fits.
32 Optional detail work
Of course, the possibilities for detail work are almost unlimited. Here are a few examples that can be fun:
• Adding another point of light in the eye.
• Texture the lips with the same technique as the iris.
• Adding a subtle shadow at the bottom of the nostrils.
33 Bonus : un peu de couleur pour finir.
J'espère que vous avez passé un bon moment et que vous avez appris quelques conseils utiles pour vos futurs dessins. Bien sûr, on ne peut pas couvrir tous les aspects d'un thème dans un seul tutoriel.
Nous entrerons plus dans les détails et les variations dans les prochains cours, notamment : Comment dessiner un visage sous différentes perspectives, Visages de différents âges, Cheveux, nez, oreilles en détail, Coloration des visages, Autres parties du corps, Mains, pieds, corps, Le visage masculin, etc.
Ce tutoriel vise à fournir des bases solides aux artistes en herbe. Comme pour toutes les formes d'art, le résultat dépend d'une pratique régulière. Ne laissez pas la frustration vous gagner si vous n'aimez pas vos premiers dessins. Vous vous améliorerez à chaque dessin. Suivez-nous, inspirez-vous et amusez-vous.
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